Frozen Shoulder

A frozen shoulder or shoulder with 'adhesive capsulitis' is often painful with a variable degree of restriction of movement.

Why does a frozen shoulder occur?

The condition can be caused by a number of conditions including diabetes, immune disorders, trauma or surgery and in many cases the cause is unknown. The capsule of the shoulder, which is usually a loose elastic structure, becomes inflamed, stiff and contracted.

How does it progress?

The condition usually passes through three phases, starting with pain, followed by stiffness and finally a stage of resolution as the pain eases and movement returns. This process may take some time and a full range of movement may not be restored.

Stage One (2-9 months): Pain increases with movement and is often worse at night. Progressive loss of motion with increasing pain.

Stage Two (4-12 months): Pain diminishes but the range of motion has become much more limited.

Stage Three (12-42 months): The condition may begin to resolve. Most patients experience a gradual restoration of motion.

How is a 'Frozen Shoulder' diagnosed?

Your surgeon will usually be able to diagnose this condition on the basis of your symptoms and an examination. This may need to be supplemented by an ultrasound or MRI scan in order to rule out damage to the rotator cuff tendons. An x-ray can be helpful in excluding conditions such as osteoarthritis.

X-ray showing arthritis of the shoulder

What happens if nothing is done?

The condition is generally self limiting but can cause significant restriction of shoulder function in the short to medium term.

What treatment options are there?

Physiotherapy: To prevent any further stiffness and help to regain range of motion.